Topic: Glycoproteins, glycosylation & Cancer This week you learned about carbohy
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Topic: Glycoproteins, glycosylation & Cancer
This
week you learned about carbohydrates and the importance of glycolipids,
glycoproteins, and glycosylation for the functional interaction between
the different components found in the extracellular matrix (ECM). You
further heard about the importance of the proper sequence of the
carbohydrates on glycoproteins (the “sugar code”) and the key role of
sialic acid in many important cellular processes, ranging from cell-cell
interaction, immune function, and cancer. You heard that the
extracellular carbohydrate coat of cells, called glycocalyx, plays a
role in tumor formation and metastasis. As you work on this assignment,
consider that approximately half of all human proteins known to date are
glycosylated and the majority of cancer biomarkers are comprised of
glycoproteins. About 270,000 new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed in
the U.S. per year and 6.9% of all cancer-related deaths will result
from breast cancer. Also consider that the human receptor
tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 (HER2), one of the proteins found mutated
in many breast cancer patients, has multiple sites of N-glycosylation
important for its biological function.
This week I want you to do some literature research, preferably on PubMed (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed)
or MedLine) on the role of glycosylation and the “sugar code” in cancer
development and/or progression. If you cannot find anything appealing
to you, you may use the already posted scientific review article:
Scott
D.A. & Drake R.R. Glycosylation and its implication in breast
cancer. Exp. Rev. Proteomics. 2019 Aug.; 16(8): 665-680 as reading
material for your post. Then engage in a discussion with your classmates
over the next two days after your initial posting.
Your initial post should address 3 or 4 of the following aspects:
Scientific evidence showing a role of glycosylation in tumor development and/or metastasis?
Which enzymes important for glycosylation are known/mentioned to play a role in tumorigenesis and cancer?
Which sugar residues and “glyco-antigens” are discussed to play a role in tumorigenesis and cancer?
Do
the cells of different cancers express different glycosylation
patterns? If so, what is discussed by the scientist(s) to be
responsible?
What are the diagnostic methods used to detect alterations in glycosylation patterns amongst normal cells and tumor cells?
Where are or what are the challenges in the field of glyco-biology?
Be sure to include your reference at the end of your initial posting to receive full credit.
